Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease in Brazil

Objective: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of donepezil and rivastigmine therapy for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Method: A hypothetical cohort of 1,000 individuals of both sexes, aged >65 years, and diagnosed with AD was simulated using a Markov model. The time horizon was 10 years, with 1-year cycles. A deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: For mild AD, the study showed an increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.61 QALY/21,907.38 Brazilian reais (BRL) for patients treated with donepezil and 0.58 QALY/BRL 24,683.33 for patients treated with rivastigmine. In the moderate AD group, QALY increases of 0.05/BRL 27,414.96 were observed for patients treated with donepezil and 0.06/BRL 34,222.96 for patients treated with rivastigmine. Conclusions: The findings of this study contradict the standard of care for mild and moderate AD in Brazil, which is based on rivastigmine. A pharmacological treatment option based on current Brazilian clinical practice guidelines for AD suggests that rivastigmine is less cost-effective (0.39 QALY/BRL 32,685.77) than donepezil. Probabilistic analysis indicates that donepezil is the most cost-effective treatment for mild and moderate AD.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of donepezil and rivastigmine therapy for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHOD: A hypothetical cohort of 1,000 individuals of both sexes, aged >65 years, and diagnosed with AD was simulated using a Markov model. The time horizon was 10 years, with 1-year cycles. A deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: For mild AD, the study showed an increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.61 QALY/21,907.38 Brazilian reais (BRL) for patients treated with donepezil and 0.58 QALY/BRL 24,683.33 for patients treated with rivastigmine. In the moderate AD group, QALY increases of 0.05/BRL 27,414.96 were observed for patients treated with donepezil and 0.06/BRL 34,222.96 for patients treated with rivastigmine. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study contradict the standard of care for mild and moderate AD in Brazil, which is based on rivastigmine. A pharmacological treatment option based on current Brazilian clinical practice guidelines for AD suggests that rivastigmine is less cost-effective (0.39 QALY/BRL 32,685.77) than donepezil. Probabilistic analysis indicates that donepezil is the most cost-effective treatment for mild and moderate AD.

Avaliaçäo da qualidade do uso de medicamentos em idosos / Quality assessment of drug use in the elderly

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do uso de medicamentos através da análise do padräo do uso, do grau de concordância com listas de medicamentos essenciais, do valor terapêutico e das interaçöes medicamentosas encontradas entre mulheres com mais de 60 anos. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas 634 mulheres que freqüentam a Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário padronizado e testado. As variáveis utilizadas foram relativas aos medicamentos e a seu modo de utilizaçäo. As unidades de análise foram o medicamento e o indivíduo. Resultados: Das 634 mulheres estudadas, 9,1 por cento näo tomam qualquer tipo de medicamento. A média de medicamentos consumidos foi de 4,0 por mulher. Das 2.510 especialidades farmacêuticas citadas, há 538 princípios ativos diferentes. Cerca de 26 por cento dos medicamentos säo concordantes com as recomendaçöes da Organizaçäo Mundial da Saúde, e 17 por cento, com as da Relaçäo Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais. Cerca de 17 por cento dos medicamentos säo inadequados para o uso. No que diz respeito a redundâncias, 14,1 por cento das mulheres podem sofrer conseqüências decorrentes desse evento. Quanto às interaçöes medicamentosas, 15,5 por cento das entrevistadas estäo expostas às principais interaçöes. Conclusöes: Os dados sugerem que o padräo do uso dos medicamentos entre as idosas é bastante influenciado pela prescriçäo médica e que sua qualidade é prejudicada pela baixa seletividade do mercado farmacêutico